Parks and Monuments

The following are source documents which cover Parks and Monuments. They are intended to be used for teaching New Mexico history.

National Monuments

• Sights of Santa Fe
  Newspaper Article - Santa Fe New Mexican
  There were no national monuments at the time of statehood. An interesting article in 1907 showed the process and explained how the Old Palace was being promoted as a National Monument. El Morro was established as the first National Monument in New

National Park Service

• Pigeon Ranch - Pecos National Park
  Drawing - Library of Congress
  During March 26-28, 1862, Union forces defeated Confederates from Texas in the significant Civil War Battle of Glorieta Pass. The heaviest fighting occurred at Pigeon's Ranch, March 28, the hacienda serving as a temporary field hospital with many of

• The Kent Bill
  Newspaper Article - Santa Fe New Mexican
  This article explains the features of the Kent Bill, which was used to establish the National Park Service. This article time-dates the activities leading to establish this service. The National Park Service administers National

• Tourist Sign Taos, NM
  Photograph - Farm Security Administration Collection, Library of Congress
  Sign for tourists erected by the Forest Service, Taos, New Mexico. This photo was taken in 1940 and is part of the Farm Security Administration Collection at the Library of

Historic Site Preservation

• A New Cavalry Drill in the United States Army - Fort Bayard, NM
  Drawing - Library of Congress
  Harper's Weekly drawing shows part of the Sixth Cavalry drilling in the region around Fort Bayard, New Mexico firing over their horses, which lie flat on the ground. In 1865, General Carlton, commander of the District of New Mexico, requested that

• Alvarado Hotel
  Photograph - Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
  This is a exterior photo of the Alvarado hotel in Albuquerque, New Mexico

• Bottomless Lakes To Be Made State Park With Federal Help
  Newspaper Article - Albuquerque Journal
  This article describes the details leading to the establishment of the first state park in New Mexico at Bottomless Lakes near Roswell. The work will involve contributions from the Civilian Conservation

• Establishment of Ft. Bayard as Historic Landmark
  Primary Document - Library of Congress
  This document HR 2059 gives National Historic Landmark Status. It was passed March 19,

• Fort Bayard - Panoramic Photograph
  Photograph - Panoramic Photographs Collection, Library of Congress
  Fort Bayard, New Mexico, Alt. 6132; U.S. Public Health Service Hospital no. 55; Colonel H. E. Whitledge, Medical Officer in Charge. Fort Bayard played an integral role in protecting settlers and miners in the Los Pinos and Silver City mining

• Fort Bayard Medical Hospital
  Photograph - Fort Bayard Historic Site - Gallery (fortbayard.org)
  In 1865, General Carlton, commander of the District of New Mexico, requested that a new fort be established in the southwest region to protect the early settlers, miners and travelers from the Apache. Fort Bayard, located in the homeland of the

• Interior of Oldest Church in United States, Santa Fe, N.M.
  Photograph - Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division
  Stereograph showing ornate altar and altarpiece of San Miguel Mission with religious figures and candlesticks on the lower level; portraits on the wall above; and Jesus standing on far left.  This stereograph card was taken in 1909 and is part of

• Kimo Theater 1943
  Photograph - Farm Security Administration - Office of War Information Photograph Collection, Library of Congress
  The KiMo Theatre, a Pueblo Deco picture palace, opened on Sept. 19, 1927. It was commissioned by the innovative Oresete Bachechi, who had envisioned a Southwestern style theater for Albuquerque This photograph was taken by John Collier Jr. in 1943.

• Kimo Theater 1980
  Photograph - Highsmith (Carol M.) Archive, Library of Congress
  The KiMo Theatre, a Pueblo Deco picture palace, opened on Sept. 19, 1927. It was commissioned by the innovative Oresete Bachechi, who had envisioned a Southwestern style theater for Albuquerque. This photograph was taken in 1980 by Carol Highsmith.

• KiMo Theater Entrance 1980
  Photograph - Highsmith (Carol M.) Archive, Library of Congress
  The KiMo Theatre, a Pueblo Deco picture palace, opened on Sept. 19, 1927. It was commissioned by the innovative Oresete Bachechi, who had envisioned a Southwestern style theater for Albuquerque. This photograph was taken of the entrance to the KiMo

• Kit Carson House, Taos, NM
  Photograph - Historic American Buildings Survey, Library of Congress
  Kit Carson House, Kit Carson Avenue, Taos, Taos County, NM. This photo and information about Kit Carson House was complied by the Historic American Buildings Survey after 1933. This is part of the Historic American Engineering and Historic

• Native Art on adobe wall, Taos County
  Photograph - Farm Security Administration - Office of War Information Photograph Collection, Library of Congress
  Native art on adobe wall. Amalia, New Mexico. This photograph was taken by Russell Lee in 1940 as part of the Farm Security Administration Collection at the Library of

• Oldest Church in the United States, Santa Fe, N.M.
  Photograph - Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division
  Stereograph showing exterior of San Miguel Mission partially obscured by tree. San Miguel Mission is known as the oldest church in the US.  This stereograph card was taken in 1909 and is part of the Stereograph Cards Collection at the Library of

• Santa Fe Plaza
  Photograph - Farm Security Administration - Office of War Information Photograph Collection, Library of Congress
  This is a photograph of the Santa Fe Plaza in 1943. This photo was taken by John Collier Jr. In 1941 to 1943, Collier worked as a photographer with the Farm Security Administration and the Office of War Information under Roy Stryker and documented

• Second New Mexico Governor's Mansion
  Photograph - Farm Security Administration - Office of War Information Photograph Collection, Library of Congress
  This photo is of the Second New Mexico Governor's Mansion in 1943. This mansion was used from 1870 until the new Governor's mansion was built in 1954.  The first mansion was located at what is now the Palace of the Governors. The photo was taken

Establishment of Carlsbad Caverns

• A Big Cave in New Mexico
  Newspaper Article - Santa Fe New Mexican
  This article describes the history of the establishment of Carlsbad Caverns as a National

• Carlsbad Caverns National Park - Giant Dome
  Photograph - Ansel Adams Collection at the National Park Service, National Archives
  This photo by Ansel Adams is "The Giant Dome" which was the largest stalagmite that had been discovered in 1941-42. It is 16 ft. in diameter and estimated to be 60 million years old. In 1941 the National Park Service commissioned noted

• Carlsbad Caverns National Park - The Big Room
  Photograph - Ansel Adams Collection at the National Park Service, National Archives
  In 1941 the National Park Service commissioned noted photographer Ansel Adams to create a photo mural for the Department of the Interior Building in Washington, DC. The theme was to be nature as exemplified and protected in the U.S. National Parks.

• Carlsbad Caverns National Park - The Rock of Ages
  Photograph - Ansel Adams Collection at the National Park Service, National Archives
  In 1941 the National Park Service commissioned noted photographer Ansel Adams to create a photo mural for the Department of the Interior Building in Washington, DC. The theme was to be nature as exemplified and protected in the U.S. National Parks.

Establishment of Gila Wilderness

• Crile Conference on New Mexico Recreational Areas Opened in Santa Fe Today
  Newspaper Article - Roswell Daily Record
  This 1929 article describes the conference held by then New Mexico Land Commissioner A.D. Crile which was a roundtable discussion on the development of a conservation policy for recreational centers. The discussion included a refernce to the Gila

• New Mexico Sportmen Want Upper Gila Set Aside for Wilderness Hunting Ground
  Newspaper Article - Albuquerque Morning Journal
  This article discusses activities leading to the establishment of the Gila Wilderness

• Transfer of Land to Gila National Forest
  Map - Library of Congress
  President Hoover order transferring land to Gila National Forest. This 1931 map is referred to in Executive Order of December 24, 1931 which transferred lands from one forest, the Datil, to the Gila National

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